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Drift ratio (Deta)

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Displacement ကို height နဲ႕စားထားတာကို Drift ratio လို႕ေခၚတယ္ Story drift ratio Story drift ကို story height နဲ႕စားထားကိုေျပာတာ ပထမ Story နဲ႕ ကပ္လ်ပ္ story မွာရွိေနတဲ့ ျခားနားခ်က္ကို သူတို႕ႏွစ္ခုရဲ႕ height နဲ႕စားထားတာကို ေျပာတာ။ (D2-D1)/(h) Dxe and Dx ဆိုျပီးႏွစ္ခုရွိတယ္ တစ္ခုက Elastic ျဖစ္ျပီး တစ္ခုက inelastic ျဖစ္တယ္။ Dxe*cd/I where I is important factor Important factor ဆိုတာ လူေနထိုင္မူေပၚမူတည္ျပီး သက္မွတ္ထားတဲ့ factor ေတြကိုေျပာတာ Cd က deflection amplification factor လို႕ေခၚတယ္ ASCE and IBC မွာရွိတဲ့ တန္ဖိုးေတြနဲ႕တြက္နုိင္။
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CIVIL ENGINEERING ALL COLLECTION

CIVIL ENGINEERING ALL COLLECTION ​ SPREADSHEETS A spreadsheet is a computer application that simulates a paper worksheet where becoming increasingly popular in solving engineering related problems. Among the strong features of spreadsheets are their instinctive cell-based structure and easy to use capabilities. Excel, for example, is a powerful spreadsheet with VBA robust programming capabilities that can be a powerful tool for teaching civil engineering concepts. Spreadsheets can do basic calculations such as cost estimates, schedule and cost control, and markup estimation, as well as structural calculations of reactions, stresses, strains, deflections, and slopes. Spreadsheets can solve complex problems, create charts and graphs, and generate useful reports. This paper highlights the use of Excel spreadsheet and VBA in teaching civilengineering concepts and creating useful applications. Civilax provide Excel Spreadsheets for Civil & Structural Engineers for struct...
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Types of Joints in Concrete Constructions

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Types of Joints in Concrete Constructions Types of joints in concrete constructions are: Construction Joints Expansion Joints Contraction Joints Isolation Joints Construction Joints in Concrete Construction joints are placed in a concrete slab to define the extent of the individual placements, generally in conformity with a predetermined joint layout. Construction joints must be designed in order to allow displacements between both sides of the slab but, at the same time, they have to transfer flexural stresses produced in the slab by external loads. Construction joints must allow horizontal displacement right-angled to the joint surface that is normally caused by thermal and shrinkage movement. At the same time they must not allow vertical or rotational displacements. Fig.1 summarizes which displacement must be allowed or not allowed by a construction joint. Fig.2: Types of Construction Joints in Concrete Structures Expansion joints in Concr...
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