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CIVIL ENGINEERING ALL COLLECTION

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Drift ratio (Deta)

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Displacement ကို height နဲ႕စားထားတာကို Drift ratio လို႕ေခၚတယ္ Story drift ratio Story drift ကို story height နဲ႕စားထားကိုေျပာတာ ပထမ Story နဲ႕ ကပ္လ်ပ္ story မွာရွိေနတဲ့ ျခားနားခ်က္ကို သူတို႕ႏွစ္ခုရဲ႕ height နဲ႕စားထားတာကို ေျပာတာ။ (D2-D1)/(h) Dxe and Dx ဆိုျပီးႏွစ္ခုရွိတယ္ တစ္ခုက Elastic ျဖစ္ျပီး တစ္ခုက inelastic ျဖစ္တယ္။ Dxe*cd/I where I is important factor Important factor ဆိုတာ လူေနထိုင္မူေပၚမူတည္ျပီး သက္မွတ္ထားတဲ့ factor ေတြကိုေျပာတာ Cd က deflection amplification factor လို႕ေခၚတယ္ ASCE and IBC မွာရွိတဲ့ တန္ဖိုးေတြနဲ႕တြက္နုိင္။
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Types of Joints in Concrete Constructions

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Types of Joints in Concrete Constructions Types of joints in concrete constructions are: Construction Joints Expansion Joints Contraction Joints Isolation Joints Construction Joints in Concrete Construction joints are placed in a concrete slab to define the extent of the individual placements, generally in conformity with a predetermined joint layout. Construction joints must be designed in order to allow displacements between both sides of the slab but, at the same time, they have to transfer flexural stresses produced in the slab by external loads. Construction joints must allow horizontal displacement right-angled to the joint surface that is normally caused by thermal and shrinkage movement. At the same time they must not allow vertical or rotational displacements. Fig.1 summarizes which displacement must be allowed or not allowed by a construction joint. Fig.2: Types of Construction Joints in Concrete Structures Expansion joints in Concr...
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